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TiddlyWiki Outline of The Wealth of Networks   How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler
TiddlyWiki Outline of The Wealth of Networks   How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler
About
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About
Patrick, 21/7/07 (created 20/6/07)
This site is a record of my on-going reading of The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler. It's currently taking the form of an outline with notes but I hope to expand that form as I develop my own insights. It is not meant to be a summary of or a replacement for the text but rather is the outcome of my reading, a way of engaging with the text and creating a post-reading reference (hopefully something others might find it useful for). It is created under a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial ShareAlike license. Please visit The Wealth of Networks Wiki for more information and the complete book.

Any material in quotes [along with the list of chapter contents] is taken directly The Wealth of Networks. All tiddlers are tagged with the chapter they were taken from. Tiddlers containing material I've yet fully to understand (where I have questions) is tagged with ? and the specific material is in bold.

I'd love to hear from anyone interested in discussing Mr. Benkler's excellent book (or who may be able to clear up my questions).

Patrick M. White
email
This site is a record of my on-going reading of //The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom// by Yochai Benkler.  It's currently taking the form of an outline with notes but I hope to expand that form as I develop my own insights.  It is not meant to be a summary of or a replacement for the text but rather is the outcome of my reading, a way of engaging with the text and creating a post-reading reference (hopefully something others might find it useful for).  It is created under a [[Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial ShareAlike| http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/]] license.  Please visit [[The Wealth of Networks Wiki|http://www.benkler.org/wealth_of_networks/index.php/Main_Page]] for more information and the complete book.

Any material in quotes [along with the list of chapter contents] is taken directly //The Wealth of Networks//.  All tiddlers are tagged with the chapter they were taken from.  Tiddlers containing material I've yet fully to understand (where I have questions) is tagged with <<tag ?>> and the specific material is in ''bold''.   

I'd love to hear from anyone interested in discussing Mr. Benkler's excellent book (or who may be able to clear up my questions).

[[Patrick M. White|http://www.patrickmwhite.org]]
[[email|mailto:%6d%68%6e%69%6e%30%2b%77%6f%6e%40%67%6d%61%69%6c%2e%63%6f%6d]]
"At the simplest level, the recommendation 'customers who bought items you recently viewed also bought these items' is a mechanical means of extracting judgments of relevance and accreditation from the actions of many individuals, who produce the datum of relevance as by-product of making their own purchasing decisions.
Amazon also allows users to create topical lists and track other users as their 'friends and favorites.'  Amazon, like many consumer sites today, also provides users with the ability to rate books they buy, generating a peer-produced rating by averaging the ratings."
Centralization being "a particular response to the problem of how to make the behavior of many individual agents cohere into an effective pattern or achieve an effective result." (Whose "primary attribute is the separation of the locus of opportunities for action from the authority to choose the action that the agent will undertake."

"Decentralization" describes conditions under which the actions of many agents cohere and are effective despite the fact that they do not rely on reducing the number of people whose will counts to direct effective action.

A substantial literature in the past twenty years, typified, for example, by Charles Sabel's work, has focused on the ways in which firms have tried to overcome the rigidities of managerial pyramids by decentralizing learning, planning, and execution of the firm's functions in the hands of employees or teams."

The most pervasive mode of "decentralization," however, is the ideal market.

Each individual agent acts according to his or her will.

Coherence and efficacy emerge because individuals signal their wishes, and plan their behavior not in cooperation with others, but by coordinating, understanding the will of others and expressing their own through the price system.
*[OVERVIEW:] [[commons-based peer production]].
*[[FREE/OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE]]
*PEER PRODUCTION OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND CULTURE GENERALLY: the [[act of communication]].
**Uttering Content: [[NASA Clickworkers|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickworkers]] (experimental example), [[Will the Web have 'produced?]], Established examples: [[Wikipedia]], [[massive multiplayer online games]].
**Relevance/Accreditation: [[Amazon]] (commercial example), [[Google's PageRank algorithm|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PageRank]] (commercial example), [[Open Directory Project|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Directory_Project]],  [[Slashdot]].
**~Value-Added Distribution: [[Project Gutenberg|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg]],  [[Distributed Proofreaders|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders]]
**[[Sharing of Processing, Storage, and Communications]]:
***Processing: [[motivations for|motivations for processing sharing (SETI@home, Folding@home, etc)]]; examples: [[SETI@home|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home]], [[Folding@home|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@home]]. 
***Storage: [[peer-to-peer file sharing]]
***Connectivity: [[Skype|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype]], WiFi.
"The increasing salience of nonmarket production in general, and peer production in particular, raises three puzzles from an economics perspective."
#"Why do people participate?"
#"Why now, why here?"
#"Is it efficient to have all these people sharing their computers and donating their time and creative effort?"

"[...] The diverse and complex patterns of behavior observed on the Internet [...] are perfectly consistent with much of our contemporary understanding of human economic behavior [comprising both human nature and economics].  
The ??material conditions?? of production in the networked information economy have ??changed?? in ways that increase the relative salience of social sharing and exchange as a modality of economic production.
"Behaviors and motivation patterns familiar to us from social relations generally continue to cohere in their own patterns" but "these patterns of behavior have become effective beyond"
*"building social relations of mutual interest"
*"fulfilling our emotional and psychological needs of companionship and mutual recognition."
"They have come to play a substantial role as modes of motivating, informing, and organizing productive behavior at the very core of the information economy." 
*[[[OPENING COMMENTS]|Chapter 4 - Opening Comments]]
*[[MOTIVATION]]
*SOCIAL PRODUCTION: FEASIBILITY CONDITIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL FORM
*TRANSACTION COSTS AND EFFICIENCY
*THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL PRODUCTION IN THE DIGITALLY NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT
*THE INTERFACE OF SOCIAL PRODUCTION AND ~MARKET-BASED BUSINESSES 
/***
| Name|CloseOnCancelPlugin|
| Description|Closes the tiddler if you click new tiddler then cancel. Default behaviour is to leave it open|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#CloseOnCancelPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{
merge(config.commands.cancelTiddler,{

	handler_orig_closeUnsaved: config.commands.cancelTiddler.handler,

	handler: function(event,src,title) {
		this.handler_orig_closeUnsaved(event,src,title);
		if (!store.tiddlerExists(title) && !store.isShadowTiddler(title))
			story.closeTiddler(title,true);
	 	return false;
	}

});

//}}}

"'Commons' refers to a particular institutional form of structuring the rights to access, use, and control resources."

"It is the opposite of 'property' in the following sense: With property, law determines one particular person who has the authority to decide how the resource will be used [within limits]".

"The core characteristic of property as the institutional foundation of markets ''[would the core characteristic of property be different if we are not talking about property "as the institutional..."]'' is that the allocation of power to decide how a resource will be used is systematically and drastically asymmetric" resulting in the existence of "'an owner'" whereas in a commons "no single person has exclusive control over the use and disposition of any particular resource."

"Commons can be divided into four types based on two parameters:"
*"[[open to anyone|open commons]] or [[only to a defined group|limited-access commons]]"
*"[[regulated|regulated commons]] or [[unregulated|unregulated commons]]"
**"In all these cases, however, the characteristic of commons is that the constraints, if any, are symmetric among all users, and cannot be unilaterally controlled by any single individual."

"The term "commons-based" is intended to underscore that what is characteristic of the cooperative enterprises I describe in this chapter is that they are not built around the asymmetric exclusion typical of property.  Rather, the inputs and outputs of the process are shared, freely or conditionally, in an institutional form that leaves them equally available for all to use as they choose at their individual discretion ''[does this resource-available require that the resources be non-rivalrous and non-excludable?]''.  This latter characteristic - that commons leave individuals free to make their own choices with regard to resources managed as a commons - is at the foundation of the freedom they make possible."

"This is a freedom I return to in the discussion of autonomy."

"It is the freedom to interact with resources and projects without seeking anyone's permission that marks commons-based production generally, and it is also that freedom that underlies the particular efficiencies of peer production, which I explore in chapter 4."
//{{{
config.options.chkHttpReadOnly = false; // means web visitors can experiment with your site by clicking edit
config.options.chkInsertTabs = true;    // tab inserts a tab when editing a tiddler
config.views.wikified.defaultText = ""; // don't need message when a tiddler doesn't exist
config.views.editor.defaultText = "";   // don't need message when creating a new tiddler 
//}}}
[[About]]
[[MptwEditTemplate]]
/***
| Name:|ExtentTagButtonPlugin|
| Description:|Adds a New tiddler button in the tag drop down|
| Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date:|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#ExtendTagButtonPlugin|
| Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{

// can't hijack a click handler. must redefine this entirely.
// would be good to refactor in the core...
// this version copied from 2.1.3 core

// Event handler for clicking on a tiddler tag
function onClickTag(e)
{
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	var theTarget = resolveTarget(e);
	var popup = Popup.create(this);
	var tag = this.getAttribute("tag");
	var title = this.getAttribute("tiddler");
	if(popup && tag)
		{
		var tagged = store.getTaggedTiddlers(tag);
		var titles = [];
		var li,r;
		for(r=0;r<tagged.length;r++)
			if(tagged[r].title != title)
				titles.push(tagged[r].title);
		var lingo = config.views.wikified.tag;

		wikify("<<newTiddler label:'New tiddler' tag:"+tag+">>",createTiddlyElement(popup,"li")); // <---- the only modification

		if(titles.length > 0)
			{
			var openAll = createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li"),lingo.openAllText.format([tag]),lingo.openAllTooltip,onClickTagOpenAll);
			openAll.setAttribute("tag",tag);
			createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li",null,"listBreak"),"div");
			for(r=0; r<titles.length; r++)
				{
				createTiddlyLink(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li"),titles[r],true);
				}
			}
		else
			createTiddlyText(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li",null,"disabled"),lingo.popupNone.format([tag]));
		createTiddlyElement(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li",null,"listBreak"),"div");
		var h = createTiddlyLink(createTiddlyElement(popup,"li"),tag,false);
		createTiddlyText(h,lingo.openTag.format([tag]));
		}
	Popup.show(popup,false);
	e.cancelBubble = true;
	if (e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation();
	return(false);
}

//}}}

Pioneered by Stallman who introduced the [[GNU General Public License]] (an instance of [[copyleft]]) and Torvalds whose "model was based on voluntary contributions and ubiquitous, recursive sharing ''[what is meant by recursive sharing]''."

The GNU General Public License "prevent[s] downstream appropriation" by requir--es--[ing] anyone who modifies software and distributes the modified version to license it under the same free terms as the original software." This "legal jujitsu that Stallman used came to be known as '[[copyleft]].'" 
/***
| Name|HideWhenPlugin|
| Description|Allows conditional inclusion/exclusion in templates|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#HideWhenPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
For use in ViewTemplate and EditTemplate. Example usage:
{{{<div macro="showWhenTagged Task">[[TaskToolbar]]</div>}}}
{{{<div macro="showWhen tiddler.modifier == 'BartSimpson'"><img src="bart.gif"/></div>}}}
***/
//{{{

window.removeElementWhen = function(test,place) {
	if (test) {
		removeChildren(place);
		place.parentNode.removeChild(place);
	}
};

merge(config.macros,{

	hideWhen: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( eval(paramString), place);
	}},

	showWhen: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( !eval(paramString), place);
	}},

	hideWhenTagged: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
	}},

	showWhenTagged: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
	}},

	hideWhenTaggedAny: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( tiddler.tags.containsAny(params), place);
	}},

	showWhenTaggedAny: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAny(params), place);
	}},

	hideWhenTaggedAll: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
	}},

	showWhenTaggedAll: { handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( !tiddler.tags.containsAll(params), place);
	}},

	hideWhenExists: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( store.tiddlerExists(params[0]) || store.isShadowTiddler(params[0]), place);
	}},

	showWhenExists: { handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		removeElementWhen( !(store.tiddlerExists(params[0]) || store.isShadowTiddler(params[0])), place);
	}}

});

//}}}

Name: Blue
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #cdf
PrimaryLight: #57c
PrimaryMid: #114
PrimaryDark: #012
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88

Name: Green
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #9b9
PrimaryLight: #385
PrimaryMid: #031
PrimaryDark: #020
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88

Name: Red
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #fdd
PrimaryLight: #c55
PrimaryMid: #711
PrimaryDark: #500
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88

Name: Smoke
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #aaa
PrimaryLight: #777
PrimaryMid: #111
PrimaryDark: #000
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #eee
TertiaryLight: #ccc
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #666
Error: #f88

Name: Teal
Background: #fff
Foreground: #000
PrimaryPale: #B5D1DF
PrimaryLight: #618FA9
PrimaryMid: #1a3844
PrimaryDark: #000
SecondaryPale: #ffc
SecondaryLight: #fe8
SecondaryMid: #db4
SecondaryDark: #841
TertiaryPale: #f8f8f8
TertiaryLight: #bbb
TertiaryMid: #999
TertiaryDark: #888
Error: #f88
[[About]]
[[Table of Contents|ToC]]
"Industrial organization literature provides a prominent place for the transaction costs view of markets and firms, based on insights of Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson.  On this view, people use markets when the gains from doing so, net of transaction costs, exceed the gains from doing the same thing in a managed firm, net of the costs of organizing and managing a firm.  Firms emerge when the opposite is true, and transaction costs can best be reduced by bringing an activity into a managed context that requires no individual transactions to allocate this resource or that effort."
[[MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com]] is a distribution of [[TiddlyWiki|http://www.tiddlywiki.com/]] created by Simon Baird. See [[the web site|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/]] for more information.
!!Upgrading ~MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki
This "empty" ~MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki file comes pre-installed with the core ~MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki plugins. You can upgrade these core plugins to the latest version by doing the following:
* Click ImportTiddlers
* Click "Choose..." and select "~MptwUpgradeURL"
* Click "fetch"
* Click the checkbox in the first column heading to select all tiddlers
* Click "More actions..." and select "Import these tiddlers"
* Click "OK" to confirm you want to overwrite the tiddlers
* Save and reload
/***
| Name|MptwLayoutPlugin|
| Description|A package containing templates and css for the MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki layout|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwLayoutPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!Notes
Presumes you have TagglyTaggingPlugin installed. To enable this you should have a PageTemplate containing {{{[[MptwPageTemplate]]}}} and similar for ViewTemplate and EditTemplate.
***/
//{{{
// used in MptwViewTemplate
config.mptwDateFormat = 'DD/MM/YY';
config.mptwJournalFormat = 'Journal DD/MM/YY';
//config.mptwDateFormat = 'MM/0DD/YY';
//config.mptwJournalFormat = 'Journal MM/0DD/YY';

config.shadowTiddlers.GettingStarted += "\n\nSee also MonkeyPirateTiddlyWiki.";

//}}}

//{{{
merge(config.shadowTiddlers,{

'MptwEditTemplate':[
 "<!--{{{-->",
 "<!--- http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwEditTemplate ($Rev: 1829 $) --->",
 "<div class=\"toolbar\" macro=\"toolbar +saveTiddler saveCloseTiddler closeOthers -cancelTiddler cancelCloseTiddler deleteTiddler\"></div>",
 "<div class=\"title\" macro=\"view title\"></div>",
 "<div class=\"editLabel\">Title</div><div class=\"editor\" macro=\"edit title\"></div>",
 "<div class=\"editLabel\">Tags</div><div class=\"editor\" macro=\"edit tags\"></div>",
 "<div class=\"editorFooter\"><span macro=\"message views.editor.tagPrompt\"></span><span macro=\"tagChooser\"></span></div>",
 "<div macro=\"showWhenExists EditPanelTemplate\">[[EditPanelTemplate]]</div>",
 "<div class=\"editor\" macro=\"edit text\"></div>",
 "<!--}}}-->"
].join("\n"),

'MptwPageTemplate':[
 "<!--{{{-->",
 "<!-- http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwPageTemplate ($Rev: 1829 $) -->",
 "<div class='header' macro='gradient vert [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]] [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]]'>",
 "	<div class='headerShadow'>",
 "		<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>&nbsp;",
 "		<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>",
 "	</div>",
 "	<div class='headerForeground'>",
 "		<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>&nbsp;",
 "		<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>",
 "	</div>",
 "</div>",
 "<!-- horizontal MainMenu -->",
 "<div id='topMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div>",
 "<!-- original MainMenu menu -->",
 "<!-- <div id='mainMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div> -->",
 "<div id='sidebar'>",
 "	<div id='sidebarOptions' refresh='content' tiddler='SideBarOptions'></div>",
 "	<div id='sidebarTabs' refresh='content' force='true' tiddler='SideBarTabs'></div>",
 "</div>",
 "<div id='displayArea'>",
 "	<div id='messageArea'></div>",
 "	<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>",
 "</div>",
 "<!--}}}-->"
].join("\n"),

'MptwStyleSheet':[
 "/*{{{*/",
 "/* http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwStyleSheet ($Rev: 2246 $) */",
 "",
 "/* a contrasting background so I can see where one tiddler ends and the other begins */",
 "body {",
 "	background: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* sexy colours and font for the header */",
 ".headerForeground {",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];",
 "}",
 ".headerShadow, .headerShadow a {",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* separate the top menu parts */",
 ".headerForeground, .headerShadow {",
 "	padding: 1em 1em 0;",
 "}",
 "",
 ".headerForeground, .headerShadow {",
 "	font-family: 'Trebuchet MS' sans-serif;",
 "	font-weight:bold;",
 "}",
 ".headerForeground .siteSubtitle {",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];",
 "}",
 ".headerShadow .siteSubtitle {",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* make shadow go and down right instead of up and left */",
 ".headerShadow {",
 "	left: 1px;",
 "	top: 1px;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* prefer monospace for editing */",
 ".editor textarea {",
 "	font-family: 'Consolas' monospace;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* sexy tiddler titles */",
 ".title {",
 "	font-size: 250%;",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];",
 "	font-family: 'Trebuchet MS' sans-serif;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* more subtle tiddler subtitle */",
 ".subtitle {",
 "	padding:0px;",
 "	margin:0px;",
 "	padding-left:0.5em;",
 "	font-size: 90%;",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]];",
 "}",
 ".subtitle .tiddlyLink {",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* a little bit of extra whitespace */",
 ".viewer {",
 "	padding-bottom:3px;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* don't want any background color for headings */",
 "h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {",
 "	background: [[ColorPalette::Background]];",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::Foreground]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* give tiddlers 3d style border and explicit background */",
 ".tiddler {",
 "	background: [[ColorPalette::Background]];",
 "	border-right: 2px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]] solid;",
 "	border-bottom: 2px [[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]] solid;",
 "	margin-bottom: 1em;",
 "	padding-bottom: 1em;",
 "	padding-top: 0.75em;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* make options slider look nicer */",
 "#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel {",
 "	border:solid 1px [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* the borders look wrong with the body background */",
 "#sidebar .button {",
 "	border-style: none;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* this means you can put line breaks in SidebarOptions for readability */",
 "#sidebarOptions br {",
 "	display:none;",
 "}",
 "/* undo the above in OptionsPanel */",
 "#sidebarOptions .sliderPanel br {",
 "	display:inline;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* horizontal main menu stuff */",
 "#displayArea {",
 "	margin: 1em 15.7em 0em 1em; /* use the freed up space */",
 "}",
 "#topMenu br {",
 "	display: none;",
 "}",
 "#topMenu {",
 "	background: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]];",
 "	color:[[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];",
 "}",
 "#topMenu {",
 "	padding:2px;",
 "}",
 "#topMenu .button, #topMenu .tiddlyLink, #topMenu a {",
 "	margin-left: 0.5em;",
 "	margin-right: 0.5em;",
 "	padding-left: 3px;",
 "	padding-right: 3px;",
 "	color: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryPale]];",
 "	font-size: 115%;",
 "}",
 "#topMenu .button:hover, #topMenu .tiddlyLink:hover {",
 "	background: [[ColorPalette::PrimaryDark]];",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* make 2.2 act like 2.1 with the invisible buttons */",
 ".toolbar {",
 "	visibility:hidden;",
 "}",
 ".selected .toolbar {",
 "	visibility:visible;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* experimental. this is a little borked in IE7 with the button ",
 " * borders but worth it I think for the extra screen realestate */",
 ".toolbar { float:right; }",
 "",
 "/* for Tagger Plugin, thanks sb56637 */",
 ".popup li a {",
 "   display:inline;",
 "}",
 "",
 "/* make it print a little cleaner */",
 "@media print {",
 "	#topMenu {",
 "		display: none ! important;",
 "	}",
 "	/* not sure if we need all the importants */",
 "	.tiddler {",
 "		border-style: none ! important;",
 "		margin:0px ! important;",
 "		padding:0px ! important;",
 "		padding-bottom:2em ! important;",
 "	}",
 "	.tagglyTagging .button, .tagglyTagging .hidebutton {",
 "		display: none ! important;",
 "	}",
 "	.headerShadow {",
 "		visibility: hidden ! important;",
 "	}",
 "	.tagglyTagged .quickopentag, .tagged .quickopentag {",
 "		border-style: none ! important;",
 "	}",
 "	.quickopentag a.button, .miniTag {",
 "		display: none ! important;",
 "	}",
 "}",
 "/*}}}*/"
].join("\n"),

'MptwViewTemplate':[
 "<!--{{{-->",
 "<!--- http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#MptwViewTemplate ($Rev: 2247 $) --->",
 "",
 "<div class='toolbar'>",
 "	<span macro=\"showWhenTagged systemConfig\">",
 "		<span macro=\"toggleTag systemConfigDisable . '[[disable|systemConfigDisable]]'\"></span>",
 "	</span>",
 "	<span macro=\"showWhenTagged palette\">",
 "		<span macro=\"setPalette\"></span>",
 "	</span>",
 "	<span style=\"padding:1em;\"></span>",
 "	<span macro='toolbar closeTiddler closeOthers +editTiddler deleteTiddler > fields syncing permalink references jump'></span> <span macro='newHere label:\"new here\"'></span>",
 "	<span macro='newJournalHere {{config.mptwJournalFormat?config.mptwJournalFormat:\"MM/0DD/YY\"}}'></span>",
 "</div>",
 "",
 "<div class=\"tagglyTagged\" macro=\"tags\"></div>",
 "",
 "<div class='titleContainer'>",
 "	<span class='title' macro='view title'></span>",
 "	<span macro=\"miniTag\"></span>",
 "</div>",
 "",
 "<div class='subtitle'>",
 "	<span macro='view modifier link'></span>,",
 "	<span macro='view modified date {{config.mptwDateFormat?config.mptwDateFormat:\"MM/0DD/YY\"}}'></span>",
 "	(<span macro='message views.wikified.createdPrompt'></span>",
 "	<span macro='view created date {{config.mptwDateFormat?config.mptwDateFormat:\"MM/0DD/YY\"}}'></span>)",
 "</div>",
 "",
 "<div macro=\"showWhenExists ViewPanelTemplate\">[[ViewPanelTemplate]]</div>",
 "",
 "<div macro=\"hideWhen tiddler.tags.containsAny(['css','html','pre','systemConfig']) && !tiddler.text.match('{{'+'{')\">",
 "	<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>",
 "</div>",
 "<div macro=\"showWhen tiddler.tags.containsAny(['css','html','pre','systemConfig']) && !tiddler.text.match('{{'+'{')\">",
 "	<div class='viewer'><pre macro='view text'></pre></div>",
 "</div>",
 "",
 "<div macro=\"showWhenExists ViewDashboardTemplate\">[[ViewDashboardTemplate]]</div>",
 "",
 "<div class=\"tagglyTagging\" macro=\"tagglyTagging\"></div>",
 "",
 "<!--}}}-->"
].join("\n")

});
//}}}
For upgrading directly from tiddlyspot. See [[ImportTiddlers]].
URL: /proxy/mptw.tiddlyspot.com/upgrade.html
For upgrading. See [[ImportTiddlers]].
URL: http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/upgrade.html
/***
| Name:|NewHerePlugin|
| Description:|Creates the new here and new journal macros|
| Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date:|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#NewHerePlugin|
| Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{
merge(config.macros, {
	newHere: {
		handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
			wikify("<<newTiddler "+paramString+" tag:[["+tiddler.title+"]]>>",place,null,tiddler);
		}
	},
	newJournalHere: {
		handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
			wikify("<<newJournal "+paramString+" tag:[["+tiddler.title+"]]>>",place,null,tiddler);
		}
	}
});

//}}}

[[MptwPageTemplate]]
/***
| Name|QuickOpenTagPlugin|
| Description|Changes tag links to make it easier to open tags as tiddlers|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#QuickOpenTagPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
***/
//{{{
config.quickOpenTag = {

	dropdownChar: (document.all ? "\u25bc" : "\u25be"), // the little one doesn't work in IE?

	createTagButton: function(place,tag,excludeTiddler) {
		// little hack so we can to <<tag PrettyTagName|RealTagName>>
		var splitTag = tag.split("|");
		var pretty = tag;
		if (splitTag.length == 2) {
			tag = splitTag[1];
			pretty = splitTag[0];
		}
		
		var sp = createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"quickopentag");
		createTiddlyText(createTiddlyLink(sp,tag,false),pretty);
		
		var theTag = createTiddlyButton(sp,config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,
                        config.views.wikified.tag.tooltip.format([tag]),onClickTag);
		theTag.setAttribute("tag",tag);
		if (excludeTiddler)
			theTag.setAttribute("tiddler",excludeTiddler);
    		return(theTag);
	},

	miniTagHandler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
		var tagged = store.getTaggedTiddlers(tiddler.title);
		if (tagged.length > 0) {
			var theTag = createTiddlyButton(place,config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,
                        	config.views.wikified.tag.tooltip.format([tiddler.title]),onClickTag);
			theTag.setAttribute("tag",tiddler.title);
			theTag.className = "miniTag";
		}
	},

	allTagsHandler: function(place,macroName,params) {
		var tags = store.getTags();
		var theDateList = createTiddlyElement(place,"ul");
		if(tags.length == 0)
			createTiddlyElement(theDateList,"li",null,"listTitle",this.noTags);
		for (var t=0; t<tags.length; t++) {
			var theListItem = createTiddlyElement(theDateList,"li");
			var theLink = createTiddlyLink(theListItem,tags[t][0],true);
			var theCount = " (" + tags[t][1] + ")";
			theLink.appendChild(document.createTextNode(theCount));
			var theDropDownBtn = createTiddlyButton(theListItem," " +
			config.quickOpenTag.dropdownChar,this.tooltip.format([tags[t][0]]),onClickTag);
			theDropDownBtn.setAttribute("tag",tags[t][0]);
		}
	},

	// todo fix these up a bit
	styles: [
"/*{{{*/",
"/* created by QuickOpenTagPlugin */",
".tagglyTagged .quickopentag, .tagged .quickopentag ",
"	{ margin-right:1.2em; border:1px solid #eee; padding:2px; padding-right:0px; padding-left:1px; }",
".quickopentag .tiddlyLink { padding:2px; padding-left:3px; }",
".quickopentag a.button { padding:1px; padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px;}",
"/* extra specificity to make it work right */",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.button, ",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.tiddyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddyLink ",
"	{ border:0px solid black; }",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.button, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.button ",
"	{ margin-left:0px; padding-left:2px; }",
"#displayArea .viewer .quickopentag a.tiddlyLink, ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.tiddlyLink ",
"	{ margin-right:0px; padding-right:0px; padding-left:0px; margin-left:0px; }",
"a.miniTag {font-size:150%;} ",
"#mainMenu .quickopentag a.button ",
"	/* looks better in right justified main menus */",
"	{ margin-left:0px; padding-left:2px; margin-right:0px; padding-right:0px; }", 
"#topMenu .quickopentag { padding:0px; margin:0px; border:0px; }",
"#topMenu .quickopentag .tiddlyLink { padding-right:1px; margin-right:0px; }",
"#topMenu .quickopentag .button { padding-left:1px; margin-left:0px; border:0px; }",
"/*}}}*/",
		""].join("\n"),

	init: function() {
		// we fully replace these builtins. can't hijack them easily
		window.createTagButton = this.createTagButton;
		config.macros.allTags.handler = this.allTagsHandler;
		config.macros.miniTag = { handler: this.miniTagHandler };
		config.shadowTiddlers["QuickOpenTagStyles"] = this.styles;
		store.addNotification("QuickOpenTagStyles",refreshStyles);
	}
}

config.quickOpenTag.init();

//}}}
/***
| Name:|RenameTagsPlugin|
| Description:|Allows you to easily rename or delete tags across multiple tiddlers|
| Version:|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date:|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source:|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#RenameTagsPlugin|
| Author:|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
Rename a tag and you will be prompted to rename it in all its tagged tiddlers.
***/
//{{{
config.renameTags = {

	prompts: {
		rename: "Rename the tag '%0' to '%1' in %2 tidder%3?",
		remove: "Remove the tag '%0' from %1 tidder%2?"
	},

	removeTag: function(tag,tiddlers) {
		store.suspendNotifications();
		for (var i=0;i<tiddlers.length;i++) {
			store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,false,tag);
		}
		store.resumeNotifications();
		store.notifyAll();
	},

	renameTag: function(oldTag,newTag,tiddlers) {
		store.suspendNotifications();
		for (var i=0;i<tiddlers.length;i++) {
			store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,false,oldTag); // remove old
			store.setTiddlerTag(tiddlers[i].title,true,newTag);  // add new
		}
		store.resumeNotifications();
		store.notifyAll();
	},

	storeMethods: {

		saveTiddler_orig_renameTags: TiddlyWiki.prototype.saveTiddler,

		saveTiddler: function(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields) {
			if (title != newTitle) {
				var tagged = this.getTaggedTiddlers(title);
				if (tagged.length > 0) {
					// then we are renaming a tag
					if (confirm(config.renameTags.prompts.rename.format([title,newTitle,tagged.length,tagged.length>1?"s":""])))
						config.renameTags.renameTag(title,newTitle,tagged);

					if (!this.tiddlerExists(title) && newBody == "")
						// dont create unwanted tiddler
						return null;
				}
			}
			return this.saveTiddler_orig_renameTags(title,newTitle,newBody,modifier,modified,tags,fields);
		},

		removeTiddler_orig_renameTags: TiddlyWiki.prototype.removeTiddler,

		removeTiddler: function(title) {
			var tagged = this.getTaggedTiddlers(title);
			if (tagged.length > 0)
				if (confirm(config.renameTags.prompts.remove.format([title,tagged.length,tagged.length>1?"s":""])))
					config.renameTags.removeTag(title,tagged);
			return this.removeTiddler_orig_renameTags(title);
		}

	},

	init: function() {
		merge(TiddlyWiki.prototype,this.storeMethods);
	}
}

config.renameTags.init();

//}}}

/***
| Name|SaveCloseTiddlerPlugin|
| Description|Provides two extra toolbar commands, saveCloseTiddler and cancelCloseTiddler|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 2134 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-04-30 16:11:12 +1000 (Mon, 30 Apr 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#SaveCloseTiddlerPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
To use these you must add them to the tool bar in your EditTemplate
***/
//{{{
merge(config.commands,{

	saveCloseTiddler: {
		text: 'done/close',
		tooltip: 'Save changes to this tiddler and close it',
		handler: function(e,src,title) {
			config.commands.saveTiddler.handler(e,src,title);
			config.commands.closeTiddler.handler(e,src,title);
			return false;
		}
	},

	cancelCloseTiddler: {
		text: 'cancel/close',
		tooltip: 'Undo changes to this tiddler and close it',
		handler: function(e,src,title) {
			config.commands.cancelTiddler.handler(e,src,title);
			config.commands.closeTiddler.handler(e,src,title);
			return false;
		}
	}

});

//}}}

/***
| Name|SelectPalettePlugin|
| Description|Lets you easily change colour palette|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#SelectPalettePlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
/***
!!Usage:
{{{<<<selectPalette>>}}}
<<selectPalette>>

!!WARNING
Will overwrite your ColorPalette tiddler.
***/

//{{{

merge(config.macros,{

	setPalette: {

		handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
			var paletteName = params[0] ? params[0] : tiddler.title;
			createTiddlyButton(place,"apply","Apply this palette",function(e) {
				config.macros.selectPalette.updatePalette(tiddler.title);
				return false;
			});
		}
	},

	selectPalette: {

		handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
			createTiddlyDropDown(place,this.onPaletteChange,this.getPalettes());
		},

		getPalettes: function() {
			var result = [
				{caption:"-palette-", name:""},
				{caption:"(Default)", name:"(default)"}
			];
			var tagged = store.getTaggedTiddlers("palette","title");
			for(var t=0; t<tagged.length; t++) {
				var caption = tagged[t].title;
				var sliceTitle = store.getTiddlerSlice(caption,"Name");
				if (sliceTitle)
					caption = sliceTitle;
				result.push({caption:sliceTitle, name:tagged[t].title});
			}
			return result;
		},

		onPaletteChange: function(e) {
			config.macros.selectPalette.updatePalette(this.value);
			return true;
		},

		updatePalette: function(title) {
			if (title != "") {
				store.deleteTiddler("ColorPalette");
				if (title != "(default)")
					store.saveTiddler("ColorPalette","ColorPalette",store.getTiddlerText(title),
								config.options.txtUserName,undefined,"");
				this.refreshPalette();
				if(config.options.chkAutoSave)
					saveChanges(true);
			}
		},

		refreshPalette: function() {
			config.macros.refreshDisplay.onClick();
		}
	}
});

config.shadowTiddlers.OptionsPanel = "<<selectPalette>>\n\n" + config.shadowTiddlers.OptionsPanel;

//}}}

"As we look around the Internet, however, we find that users also cooperate in similar loosely affiliated groups, without market signals or managerial commands, to build supercomputers and massive data storage and retrieval systems."

"In their radical decentralization and reliance on social relations and motivations, these sharing practices are similar to peer production of information, knowledge, and culture."

"They differ in one important aspect: Users are not sharing their innate and acquired human capabilities, and, unlike information, their inputs and outputs are not public goods."

"The participants are, instead, sharing material goods that they privately own, mostly personal computers and their components."

"They produce economic, not public, goods - computation, storage, and communications capacity."
How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler
~TiddlyWiki Outline of //The Wealth of Networks// 
"First, it is important to understand that the function of posting a story from another site onto Slashdot, #12the first 'utterance' in a chain of comments on Slashdot, is itself an act of relevance production.  The person submitting the story is telling the community of Slashdot users, "here is a story that 'News for Nerds' readers should be interested in.""

There exists a [[system of commenting and moderation through ratings|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot#Administration]].

"The primary function of moderation is to provide accreditation.  It then allows individual users to determine what level of accreditation pronounced by this aggregate system fits their particular time and needs by setting their filter to be more or less inclusive."

"The primary point to take from the Slashdot example is that the same dynamic that we saw used for peer production of initial utterances, or content, can be implemented to produce relevance and accreditation."
[[MptwStyleSheet]]
/***
| Name|TagglyTaggingPlugin|
| Description|tagglyTagging macro is a replacement for the builtin tagging macro in your ViewTemplate|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 2246 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-06-07 16:27:27 +1000 (Thu, 07 Jun 2007) $|
| Source|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TagglyTaggingPlugin|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!Notes
See http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TagglyTagging
***/
//{{{
config.taggly = {

	// for translations
	lingo: {
		labels: {
			asc:        "\u2191", // down arrow
			desc:       "\u2193", // up arrow
			title:      "title",
			modified:   "modified",
			created:    "created",
			show:       "+",
			hide:       "-",
			normal:     "normal",
			group:      "group",
			commas:     "commas",
			sitemap:    "sitemap",
			numCols:    "cols\u00b1", // plus minus sign
			label:      "Tagged as '%0':",
			excerpts:   "excerpts",
			noexcerpts: "no excerpts"
		},

		tooltips: {
			title:    "Click to sort by title",
			modified: "Click to sort by modified date",
			created:  "Click to sort by created date",
			show:     "Click to show tagging list",
			hide:     "Click to hide tagging list",
			normal:   "Click to show a normal ungrouped list",
			group:    "Click to show list grouped by tag",
			sitemap:  "Click to show a sitemap style list",
			commas:   "Click to show a comma separated list",
			numCols:  "Click to change number of columns"
		}
	},

	config: {
		showTaggingCounts: true,
		listOpts: {
			// the first one will be the default
			sortBy:     ["title","modified","created"],
			sortOrder:  ["asc","desc"],
			hideState:  ["show","hide"],
			listMode:   ["normal","group","sitemap","commas"],
			numCols:    ["1","2","3","4","5","6"],
			excerpts:   ["noexcerpts","excerpts"]
		},
		valuePrefix: "taggly.",
		excludeTags: ["excludeLists","excludeTagging"],
		excerptSize: 50,
		excerptMarker: "/%"+"%/"
	},

	getTagglyOpt: function(title,opt) {
		var val = store.getValue(title,this.config.valuePrefix+opt);
		return val ? val : this.config.listOpts[opt][0];
	},

	setTagglyOpt: function(title,opt,value) {
		if (!store.tiddlerExists(title))
			// create it silently
			store.saveTiddler(title,title,config.views.editor.defaultText.format([title]),config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),null);
		// if value is default then remove it to save space
		return store.setValue(title,
			this.config.valuePrefix+opt,
			value == this.config.listOpts[opt][0] ? null : value);
	},

	getNextValue: function(title,opt) {
		var current = this.getTagglyOpt(title,opt);
		var pos = this.config.listOpts[opt].indexOf(current);
		// a little usability enhancement. actually it doesn't work right for grouped or sitemap
		var limit = (opt == "numCols" ? store.getTaggedTiddlers(title).length : this.config.listOpts[opt].length);
		var newPos = (pos + 1) % limit;
		return this.config.listOpts[opt][newPos];
	},

	toggleTagglyOpt: function(title,opt) {
		var newVal = this.getNextValue(title,opt);
		this.setTagglyOpt(title,opt,newVal);
	}, 

	createListControl: function(place,title,type) {
		var lingo = config.taggly.lingo;
		var label;
		var tooltip;
		var onclick;

		if ((type == "title" || type == "modified" || type == "created")) {
			// "special" controls. a little tricky. derived from sortOrder and sortBy
			label = lingo.labels[type];
			tooltip = lingo.tooltips[type];

			if (this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy") == type) {
				label += lingo.labels[this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder")];
				onclick = function() {
					config.taggly.toggleTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder");
					return false;
				}
			}
			else {
				onclick = function() {
					config.taggly.setTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy",type);
					config.taggly.setTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder",config.taggly.config.listOpts.sortOrder[0]);
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			// "regular" controls, nice and simple
			label = lingo.labels[type == "numCols" ? type : this.getNextValue(title,type)];
			tooltip = lingo.tooltips[type == "numCols" ? type : this.getNextValue(title,type)];
			onclick = function() {
				config.taggly.toggleTagglyOpt(title,type);
				return false;
			}
		}

		// hide button because commas don't have columns
		if (!(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"listMode") == "commas" && type == "numCols"))
			createTiddlyButton(place,label,tooltip,onclick,type == "hideState" ? "hidebutton" : "button");
	},

	makeColumns: function(orig,numCols) {
		var listSize = orig.length;
		var colSize = listSize/numCols;
		var remainder = listSize % numCols;

		var upperColsize = colSize;
		var lowerColsize = colSize;

		if (colSize != Math.floor(colSize)) {
			// it's not an exact fit so..
			upperColsize = Math.floor(colSize) + 1;
			lowerColsize = Math.floor(colSize);
		}

		var output = [];
		var c = 0;
		for (var j=0;j<numCols;j++) {
			var singleCol = [];
			var thisSize = j < remainder ? upperColsize : lowerColsize;
			for (var i=0;i<thisSize;i++) 
				singleCol.push(orig[c++]);
			output.push(singleCol);
		}

		return output;
	},

	drawTable: function(place,columns,theClass) {
		var newTable = createTiddlyElement(place,"table",null,theClass);
		var newTbody = createTiddlyElement(newTable,"tbody");
		var newTr = createTiddlyElement(newTbody,"tr");
		for (var j=0;j<columns.length;j++) {
			var colOutput = "";
			for (var i=0;i<columns[j].length;i++) 
				colOutput += columns[j][i];
			var newTd = createTiddlyElement(newTr,"td",null,"tagglyTagging"); // todo should not need this class
			wikify(colOutput,newTd);
		}
		return newTable;
	},

	createTagglyList: function(place,title) {
		switch(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"listMode")) {
			case "group":  return this.createTagglyListGrouped(place,title); break;
			case "normal": return this.createTagglyListNormal(place,title,false); break;
			case "commas": return this.createTagglyListNormal(place,title,true); break;
			case "sitemap":return this.createTagglyListSiteMap(place,title); break;
		}
	},

	getTaggingCount: function(title) {
		// thanks to Doug Edmunds
		if (this.config.showTaggingCounts) {
			var tagCount = store.getTaggedTiddlers(title).length;
			if (tagCount > 0)
				return " ("+tagCount+")";
		}
		return "";
	},

	getExcerpt: function(inTiddlerTitle,title) {
		if (this.getTagglyOpt(inTiddlerTitle,"excerpts") == "excerpts") {
			var t = store.getTiddler(title);
			if (t) {
				var text = t.text.replace(/\n/," ");
				var marker = text.indexOf(this.config.excerptMarker);
				if (marker != -1) {
					return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + text.substr(0,marker) + "</nowiki>}}}";
				}
				else if (text.length < this.config.excerptSize) {
					return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + t.text + "</nowiki>}}}";
				}
				else {
					return " {{excerpt{<nowiki>" + t.text.substr(0,this.config.excerptSize) + "..." + "</nowiki>}}}";
				}
			}
		}
		return "";
	},

	notHidden: function(t,inTiddler) {
		if (typeof t == "string") 
			t = store.getTiddler(t);
		return (!t || !t.tags.containsAny(this.config.excludeTags) ||
				(inTiddler && this.config.excludeTags.contains(inTiddler)));
	},

	// this is for normal and commas mode
	createTagglyListNormal: function(place,title,useCommas) {

		var list = store.getTaggedTiddlers(title,this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy"));

		if (this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder") == "desc")
			list = list.reverse();

		var output = [];
		var first = true;
		for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++) {
			if (this.notHidden(list[i],title)) {
				var countString = this.getTaggingCount(list[i].title);
				var excerpt = this.getExcerpt(title,list[i].title);
				if (useCommas)
					output.push((first ? "" : ", ") + "[[" + list[i].title + "]]" + countString + excerpt);
				else
					output.push("*[[" + list[i].title + "]]" + countString + excerpt + "\n");

				first = false;
			}
		}

		return this.drawTable(place,
			this.makeColumns(output,useCommas ? 1 : parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))),
			useCommas ? "commas" : "normal");
	},

	// this is for the "grouped" mode
	createTagglyListGrouped: function(place,title) {
		var sortBy = this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy");
		var sortOrder = this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder");

		var list = store.getTaggedTiddlers(title,sortBy);

		if (sortOrder == "desc")
			list = list.reverse();

		var leftOvers = []
		for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++)
			leftOvers.push(list[i].title);

		var allTagsHolder = {};
		for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++) {
			for (var j=0;j<list[i].tags.length;j++) {

				if (list[i].tags[j] != title) { // not this tiddler

					if (this.notHidden(list[i].tags[j],title)) {

						if (!allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]])
							allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]] = "";

						if (this.notHidden(list[i],title)) {
							allTagsHolder[list[i].tags[j]] += "**[["+list[i].title+"]]"
										+ this.getTaggingCount(list[i].title) + this.getExcerpt(title,list[i].title) + "\n";

							leftOvers.setItem(list[i].title,-1); // remove from leftovers. at the end it will contain the leftovers

						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		var allTags = [];
		for (var t in allTagsHolder)
			allTags.push(t);

		var sortHelper = function(a,b) {
			if (a == b) return 0;
			if (a < b) return -1;
			return 1;
		};

		allTags.sort(function(a,b) {
			var tidA = store.getTiddler(a);
			var tidB = store.getTiddler(b);
			if (sortBy == "title") return sortHelper(a,b);
			else if (!tidA && !tidB) return 0;
			else if (!tidA) return -1;
			else if (!tidB) return +1;
			else return sortHelper(tidA[sortBy],tidB[sortBy]);
		});

		var leftOverOutput = "";
		for (var i=0;i<leftOvers.length;i++)
			if (this.notHidden(leftOvers[i],title))
				leftOverOutput += "*[["+leftOvers[i]+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(leftOvers[i]) + this.getExcerpt(title,leftOvers[i]) + "\n";

		var output = [];

		if (sortOrder == "desc")
			allTags.reverse();
		else if (leftOverOutput != "")
			// leftovers first...
			output.push(leftOverOutput);

		for (var i=0;i<allTags.length;i++)
			if (allTagsHolder[allTags[i]] != "")
				output.push("*[["+allTags[i]+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(allTags[i]) + this.getExcerpt(title,allTags[i]) + "\n" + allTagsHolder[allTags[i]]);

		if (sortOrder == "desc" && leftOverOutput != "")
			// leftovers last...
			output.push(leftOverOutput);

		return this.drawTable(place,
				this.makeColumns(output,parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))),
				"grouped");

	},

	// used to build site map
	treeTraverse: function(title,depth,sortBy,sortOrder) {

		var list = store.getTaggedTiddlers(title,sortBy);
		if (sortOrder == "desc")
			list.reverse();

		var indent = "";
		for (var j=0;j<depth;j++)
			indent += "*"

		var childOutput = "";
		for (var i=0;i<list.length;i++)
			if (list[i].title != title)
				if (this.notHidden(list[i].title,this.config.inTiddler))
					childOutput += this.treeTraverse(list[i].title,depth+1,sortBy,sortOrder);

		if (depth == 0)
			return childOutput;
		else
			return indent + "[["+title+"]]" + this.getTaggingCount(title) + this.getExcerpt(this.config.inTiddler,title) + "\n" + childOutput;
	},

	// this if for the site map mode
	createTagglyListSiteMap: function(place,title) {
		this.config.inTiddler = title; // nasty. should pass it in to traverse probably
		var output = this.treeTraverse(title,0,this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortBy"),this.getTagglyOpt(title,"sortOrder"));
		return this.drawTable(place,
				this.makeColumns(output.split(/(?=^\*\[)/m),parseInt(this.getTagglyOpt(title,"numCols"))), // regexp magic
				"sitemap"
				);
	},

	macros: {
		tagglyTagging: {
			handler: function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
				var refreshContainer = createTiddlyElement(place,"div");
				// do some refresh magic to make it keep the list fresh - thanks Saq
				refreshContainer.setAttribute("refresh","macro");
				refreshContainer.setAttribute("macroName",macroName);
        			refreshContainer.setAttribute("title",tiddler.title);
				this.refresh(refreshContainer);
			},

			refresh: function(place) {
				var title = place.getAttribute("title");
				removeChildren(place);
				if (store.getTaggedTiddlers(title).length > 0) {
					var lingo = config.taggly.lingo;
					config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"hideState");
					if (config.taggly.getTagglyOpt(title,"hideState") == "show") {
						createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"tagglyLabel",lingo.labels.label.format([title]));
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"title");
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"modified");
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"created");
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"listMode");
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"excerpts");
						config.taggly.createListControl(place,title,"numCols");
						config.taggly.createTagglyList(place,title);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	},

	// todo fix these up a bit
	styles: [
"/*{{{*/",
"/* created by TagglyTaggingPlugin */",
".tagglyTagging { padding-top:0.5em; }",
".tagglyTagging li.listTitle { display:none; }",
".tagglyTagging ul {",
"	margin-top:0px; padding-top:0.5em; padding-left:2em;",
"	margin-bottom:0px; padding-bottom:0px;",
"}",
".tagglyTagging { vertical-align: top; margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".tagglyTagging table { margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".tagglyTagging .button { visibility:hidden; margin-left:3px; margin-right:3px; }",
".tagglyTagging .button, .tagglyTagging .hidebutton {",
"	color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]]; font-size:90%;",
"	border:0px; padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;",
"}",
".tagglyTagging .button:hover, .hidebutton:hover, ",
".tagglyTagging .button:active, .hidebutton:active  {",
"	border:0px; background:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryPale]]; color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryDark]];",
"}",
".selected .tagglyTagging .button { visibility:visible; }",
".tagglyTagging .hidebutton { color:[[ColorPalette::Background]]; }",
".selected .tagglyTagging .hidebutton { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryLight]] }",
".tagglyLabel { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryMid]]; font-size:90%; }",
".tagglyTagging ul {padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:1em; }",
".tagglyTagging ul ul {list-style-type:disc; margin-left:-1em;}",
".tagglyTagging ul ul li {margin-left:0.5em; }",
".editLabel { font-size:90%; padding-top:0.5em; }",
".tagglyTagging .commas { padding-left:1.8em; }",
"/* not technically tagglytagging but will put them here anyway */",
".tagglyTagged li.listTitle { display:none; }",
".tagglyTagged li { display: inline; font-size:90%; }",
".tagglyTagged ul { margin:0px; padding:0px; }",
".excerpt { color:[[ColorPalette::TertiaryDark]]; }",
"div.tagglyTagging table,",
"div.tagglyTagging table tr,",
"td.tagglyTagging",
" {border-style:none!important; }",
"/*}}}*/",
		""].join("\n"),

	init: function() {
		merge(config.macros,this.macros);
		config.shadowTiddlers["TagglyTaggingStyles"] = this.styles;
		store.addNotification("TagglyTaggingStyles",refreshStyles);
	}
};

config.taggly.init();

//}}}

/***
| Name|ToggleTagPlugin|
| Description|Makes a checkbox which toggles a tag in a tiddler|
| Version|3.0 ($Rev: 1845 $)|
| Date|$Date: 2007-03-16 15:19:22 +1000 (Fri, 16 Mar 2007) $|
| Source|http://tiddlyspot.com/mptw/#ToggleTagMacro|
| Author|Simon Baird <simon.baird@gmail.com>|
| License|http://mptw.tiddlyspot.com/#TheBSDLicense|
!Usage
{{{<<toggleTag }}}//{{{TagName TiddlerName LabelText}}}//{{{>>}}}
* TagName - the tag to be toggled, default value "checked"
* TiddlerName - the tiddler to toggle the tag in, default value the current tiddler
* LabelText - the text (gets wikified) to put next to the check box, default value is '{{{[[TagName]]}}}' or '{{{[[TagName]] [[TiddlerName]]}}}'
(If a parameter is '.' then the default will be used)

Examples:

|Code|Description|Example|h
|{{{<<toggleTag>>}}}|Toggles the default tag (checked) in this tiddler|<<toggleTag>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName>>}}}|Toggles the TagName tag in this tiddler|<<toggleTag TagName>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName>>}}}|Toggles the TagName tag in the TiddlerName tiddler|<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName 'click me'>>}}}|Same but with custom label|<<toggleTag TagName TiddlerName 'click me'>>|
|{{{<<toggleTag . . 'click me'>>}}}|dot means use default value|<<toggleTag . . 'click me'>>|
Notes:
* If TiddlerName doesn't exist it will be silently created
* Set label to '-' to specify no label
* See also http://mgtd-alpha.tiddlyspot.com/#ToggleTag2

!Known issues
* Doesn't smoothly handle the case where you toggle a tag in a tiddler that is current open for editing

***/
//{{{

merge(config.macros,{

	toggleTag: {

		doRefreshAll: true,
		createIfRequired: true,
		shortLabel: "[[%0]]",
		longLabel: "[[%0]] [[%1]]",

		handler: function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
			var tag = (params[0] && params[0] != '.') ? params[0] : "checked";
			var title = (params[1] && params[1] != '.') ? params[1] : tiddler.title;
			var defaultLabel = (title == tiddler.title ? this.shortLabel : this.longLabel);
			var label = (params[2] && params[2] != '.') ? params[2] : defaultLabel;
			label = (label == '-' ? '' : label);
			var theTiddler =  title == tiddler.title ? tiddler : store.getTiddler(title);
			var cb = createTiddlyCheckbox(place, label.format([tag,title]), theTiddler && theTiddler.isTagged(tag), function(e) {
				if (!store.tiddlerExists(title)) {
					if (config.macros.toggleTag.createIfRequired) {
						var content = store.getTiddlerText(title); // just in case it's a shadow
						store.saveTiddler(title,title,content?content:"",config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),null);
					}
					else 
						return false;
				}
				store.setTiddlerTag(title,this.checked,tag);
				return true;
			});
		}
	}
});

//}}}

/***
Contains the stuff you need to use Tiddlyspot
Note you must also have UploadPlugin installed
***/
//{{{

// edit this if you are migrating sites or retrofitting an existing TW
config.tiddlyspotSiteId = 'wealthofnetworks';

// make it so you can by default see edit controls via http
config.options.chkHttpReadOnly = false;
window.readOnly = false; // make sure of it (for tw 2.2)

// disable autosave in d3
if (window.location.protocol != "file:")
	config.options.chkGTDLazyAutoSave = false;

// tweak shadow tiddlers to add upload button, password entry box etc
with (config.shadowTiddlers) {
	SiteUrl = 'http://'+config.tiddlyspotSiteId+'.tiddlyspot.com';
	SideBarOptions = SideBarOptions.replace(/(<<saveChanges>>)/,"$1<<tiddler TspotSidebar>>");
	OptionsPanel = OptionsPanel.replace(/^/,"<<tiddler TspotOptions>>");
	DefaultTiddlers = DefaultTiddlers.replace(/^/,"[[Welcome to Tiddlyspot]] ");
	MainMenu = MainMenu.replace(/^/,"[[Welcome to Tiddlyspot]] ");
}

// create some shadow tiddler content
merge(config.shadowTiddlers,{

'Welcome to Tiddlyspot':[
 "This document is a ~TiddlyWiki from tiddlyspot.com.  A ~TiddlyWiki is an electronic notebook that is great for managing todo lists, personal information, and all sorts of things.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //What now?// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ Before you can save any changes, you need to enter your password in the form below.  Then configure privacy and other site settings at your [[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]] (your control panel username is //" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + "//).",
 "<<tiddler TspotControls>>",
 "See also GettingStarted.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working online// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ You can edit this ~TiddlyWiki right now, and save your changes using the \"save to web\" button in the column on the right.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working offline// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ A fully functioning copy of this ~TiddlyWiki can be saved onto your hard drive or USB stick.  You can make changes and save them locally without being connected to the Internet.  When you're ready to sync up again, just click \"upload\" and your ~TiddlyWiki will be saved back to tiddlyspot.com.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Help!// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ Find out more about ~TiddlyWiki at [[TiddlyWiki.com|http://tiddlywiki.com]].  Also visit [[TiddlyWiki Guides|http://tiddlywikiguides.org]] for documentation on learning and using ~TiddlyWiki. New users are especially welcome on the [[TiddlyWiki mailing list|http://groups.google.com/group/TiddlyWiki]], which is an excellent place to ask questions and get help.  If you have a tiddlyspot related problem email [[tiddlyspot support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]].",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Enjoy :)// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ We hope you like using your tiddlyspot.com site.  Please email [[feedback@tiddlyspot.com|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]] with any comments or suggestions."
].join("\n"),

'TspotControls':[
 "| tiddlyspot password:|<<option pasUploadPassword>>|",
 "| site management:|<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . .  " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">>//(requires tiddlyspot password)//<<br>>[[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]], [[download (go offline)|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download]]|",
 "| links:|[[tiddlyspot.com|http://tiddlyspot.com/]], [[FAQs|http://faq.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[announcements|http://announce.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[blog|http://tiddlyspot.com/blog/]], email [[support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]] & [[feedback|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]], [[donate|http://tiddlyspot.com/?page=donate]]|"
].join("\n"),

'TspotSidebar':[
 "<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . .  " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">><html><a href='http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download' class='button'>download</a></html>"
].join("\n"),

'TspotOptions':[
 "tiddlyspot password:",
 "<<option pasUploadPassword>>",
 ""
].join("\n")

});
//}}}
| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |
| 20/06/2007 00:35:25 | YourName | [[/|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 20/06/2007 00:35:43 | YourName | [[/|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 20/06/2007 01:03:29 | YourName | [[/|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 20/06/2007 01:14:55 | YourName | [[/|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 20/06/2007 01:18:11 | YourName | [[/|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 21/06/2007 00:37:55 | Patrick | [[wealthofnetworks.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/WindowsXp/My%20Documents/PID/wealthofnetworks.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | failed |
| 21/06/2007 00:38:45 | Patrick | [[wealthofnetworks.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/WindowsXp/My%20Documents/PID/wealthofnetworks.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | failed |
| 21/06/2007 00:39:40 | Patrick | [[wealthofnetworks.html|file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/WindowsXp/My%20Documents/PID/wealthofnetworks.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | failed |
| 21/07/2007 10:16:26 | Patrick | [[wealthofnetworks.html|file:///I:/Network%20Folder/PID2/wealthofnetworks.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 21/07/2007 10:16:44 | Patrick | [[wealthofnetworks.html|file:///I:/Network%20Folder/PID2/wealthofnetworks.html]] | [[store.cgi|http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://wealthofnetworks.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
/***
|''Name:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Description:''|Extends TiddlyWiki options with non encrypted password option.|
|''Version:''|1.0.2|
|''Date:''|Apr 19, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (Beta 5)|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.PasswordOptionPlugin = {
	major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 2, 
	date: new Date("Apr 19, 2007"),
	source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin',
	author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
	license: '[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D]]',
	coreVersion: '2.2.0 (Beta 5)'
};

config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel = "Save this password on this computer";
config.macros.option.passwordInputType = "password"; // password | text
setStylesheet(".pasOptionInput {width: 11em;}\n","passwordInputTypeStyle");

merge(config.macros.option.types, {
	'pas': {
		elementType: "input",
		valueField: "value",
		eventName: "onkeyup",
		className: "pasOptionInput",
		typeValue: config.macros.option.passwordInputType,
		create: function(place,type,opt,className,desc) {
			// password field
			config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'pas',opt,className,desc);
			// checkbox linked with this password "save this password on this computer"
			config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'chk','chk'+opt,className,desc);			
			// text savePasswordCheckboxLabel
			place.appendChild(document.createTextNode(config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel));
		},
		onChange: config.macros.option.genericOnChange
	}
});

merge(config.optionHandlers['chk'], {
	get: function(name) {
		// is there an option linked with this chk ?
		var opt = name.substr(3);
		if (config.options[opt]) 
			saveOptionCookie(opt);
		return config.options[name] ? "true" : "false";
	}
});

merge(config.optionHandlers, {
	'pas': {
 		get: function(name) {
			if (config.options["chk"+name]) {
				return encodeCookie(config.options[name].toString());
			} else {
				return "";
			}
		},
		set: function(name,value) {config.options[name] = decodeCookie(value);}
	}
});

// need to reload options to load passwordOptions
loadOptionsCookie();

/*
if (!config.options['pasPassword'])
	config.options['pasPassword'] = '';

merge(config.optionsDesc,{
		pasPassword: "Test password"
	});
*/
//}}}

/***
|''Name:''|UploadPlugin|
|''Description:''|Save to web a TiddlyWiki|
|''Version:''|4.1.0|
|''Date:''|May 5, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin|
|''Documentation:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPluginDoc|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (#3125)|
|''Requires:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.UploadPlugin = {
	major: 4, minor: 1, revision: 0,
	date: new Date("May 5, 2007"),
	source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin',
	author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
	coreVersion: '2.2.0 (#3125)'
};

//
// Environment
//

if (!window.bidix) window.bidix = {}; // bidix namespace
bidix.debugMode = false;	// true to activate both in Plugin and UploadService
	
//
// Upload Macro
//

config.macros.upload = {
// default values
	defaultBackupDir: '',	//no backup
	defaultStoreScript: "store.php",
	defaultToFilename: "index.html",
	defaultUploadDir: ".",
	authenticateUser: true	// UploadService Authenticate User
};
	
config.macros.upload.label = {
	promptOption: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki with UploadOptions",
	promptParamMacro: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki in %0",
	saveLabel: "save to web", 
	saveToDisk: "save to disk",
	uploadLabel: "upload"	
};

config.macros.upload.messages = {
	noStoreUrl: "No store URL in parmeters or options",
	usernameOrPasswordMissing: "Username or password missing"
};

config.macros.upload.handler = function(place,macroName,params) {
	if (readOnly)
		return;
	var label;
	if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") 
		label = this.label.saveLabel;
	else
		label = this.label.uploadLabel;
	var prompt;
	if (params[0]) {
		prompt = this.label.promptParamMacro.toString().format([this.destFile(params[0], 
			(params[1] ? params[1]:bidix.basename(window.location.toString())), params[3])]);
	} else {
		prompt = this.label.promptOption;
	}
	createTiddlyButton(place, label, prompt, function() {config.macros.upload.action(params);}, null, null, this.accessKey);
};

config.macros.upload.action = function(params)
{
		// for missing macro parameter set value from options
		var storeUrl = params[0] ? params[0] : config.options.txtUploadStoreUrl;
		var toFilename = params[1] ? params[1] : config.options.txtUploadFilename;
		var backupDir = params[2] ? params[2] : config.options.txtUploadBackupDir;
		var uploadDir = params[3] ? params[3] : config.options.txtUploadDir;
		var username = params[4] ? params[4] : config.options.txtUploadUserName;
		var password = config.options.pasUploadPassword; // for security reason no password as macro parameter	
		// for still missing parameter set default value
		if ((!storeUrl) && (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")) 
			storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString())+'/'+config.macros.upload.defaultStoreScript;
		if (storeUrl.substr(0,4) != "http")
			storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString()) +'/'+ storeUrl;
		if (!toFilename)
			toFilename = bidix.basename(window.location.toString());
		if (!toFilename)
			toFilename = config.macros.upload.defaultToFilename;
		if (!uploadDir)
			uploadDir = config.macros.upload.defaultUploadDir;
		if (!backupDir)
			backupDir = config.macros.upload.defaultBackupDir;
		// report error if still missing
		if (!storeUrl) {
			alert(config.macros.upload.messages.noStoreUrl);
			clearMessage();
			return false;
		}
		if (config.macros.upload.authenticateUser && (!username || !password)) {
			alert(config.macros.upload.messages.usernameOrPasswordMissing);
			clearMessage();
			return false;
		}
		bidix.upload.uploadChanges(false,null,storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password); 
		return false; 
};

config.macros.upload.destFile = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir) 
{
	if (!storeUrl)
		return null;
		var dest = bidix.dirname(storeUrl);
		if (uploadDir && uploadDir != '.')
			dest = dest + '/' + uploadDir;
		dest = dest + '/' + toFilename;
	return dest;
};

//
// uploadOptions Macro
//

config.macros.uploadOptions = {
	handler: function(place,macroName,params) {
		var wizard = new Wizard();
		wizard.createWizard(place,this.wizardTitle);
		wizard.addStep(this.step1Title,this.step1Html);
		var markList = wizard.getElement("markList");
		var listWrapper = document.createElement("div");
		markList.parentNode.insertBefore(listWrapper,markList);
		wizard.setValue("listWrapper",listWrapper);
		this.refreshOptions(listWrapper,false);
		var uploadCaption;
		if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") 
			uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.saveLabel;
		else
			uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.uploadLabel;
		
		wizard.setButtons([
				{caption: uploadCaption, tooltip: config.macros.upload.label.promptOption, 
					onClick: config.macros.upload.action},
				{caption: this.cancelButton, tooltip: this.cancelButtonPrompt, onClick: this.onCancel}
				
			]);
	},
	refreshOptions: function(listWrapper) {
		var uploadOpts = [
			"txtUploadUserName",
			"pasUploadPassword",
			"txtUploadStoreUrl",
			"txtUploadDir",
			"txtUploadFilename",
			"txtUploadBackupDir",
			"chkUploadLog",
			"txtUploadLogMaxLine",
			]
		var opts = [];
		for(i=0; i<uploadOpts.length; i++) {
			var opt = {};
			opts.push()
			opt.option = "";
			n = uploadOpts[i];
			opt.name = n;
			opt.lowlight = !config.optionsDesc[n];
			opt.description = opt.lowlight ? this.unknownDescription : config.optionsDesc[n];
			opts.push(opt);
		}
		var listview = ListView.create(listWrapper,opts,this.listViewTemplate);
		for(n=0; n<opts.length; n++) {
			var type = opts[n].name.substr(0,3);
			var h = config.macros.option.types[type];
			if (h && h.create) {
				h.create(opts[n].colElements['option'],type,opts[n].name,opts[n].name,"no");
			}
		}
		
	},
	onCancel: function(e)
	{
		backstage.switchTab(null);
		return false;
	},
	
	wizardTitle: "Upload with options",
	step1Title: "These options are saved in cookies in your browser",
	step1Html: "<input type='hidden' name='markList'></input><br>",
	cancelButton: "Cancel",
	cancelButtonPrompt: "Cancel prompt",
	listViewTemplate: {
		columns: [
			{name: 'Description', field: 'description', title: "Description", type: 'WikiText'},
			{name: 'Option', field: 'option', title: "Option", type: 'String'},
			{name: 'Name', field: 'name', title: "Name", type: 'String'}
			],
		rowClasses: [
			{className: 'lowlight', field: 'lowlight'} 
			]}
}

//
// upload functions
//

if (!bidix.upload) bidix.upload = {};

if (!bidix.upload.messages) bidix.upload.messages = {
	//from saving
	invalidFileError: "The original file '%0' does not appear to be a valid TiddlyWiki",
	backupSaved: "Backup saved",
	backupFailed: "Failed to upload backup file",
	rssSaved: "RSS feed uploaded",
	rssFailed: "Failed to upload RSS feed file",
	emptySaved: "Empty template uploaded",
	emptyFailed: "Failed to upload empty template file",
	mainSaved: "Main TiddlyWiki file uploaded",
	mainFailed: "Failed to upload main TiddlyWiki file. Your changes have not been saved",
	//specific upload
	loadOriginalHttpPostError: "Can't get original file",
	aboutToSaveOnHttpPost: 'About to upload on %0 ...',
	storePhpNotFound: "The store script '%0' was not found."
};

bidix.upload.uploadChanges = function(onlyIfDirty,tiddlers,storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password)
{
	var callback = function(status,uploadParams,original,url,xhr) {
		if (!status) {
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.loadOriginalHttpPostError);
			return;
		}
		if (bidix.debugMode) 
			alert(original.substr(0,500)+"\n...");
		// Locate the storeArea div's 
		var posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
		if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
			alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
			return;
		}
		bidix.upload.uploadRss(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
	};
	
	if(onlyIfDirty && !store.isDirty())
		return;
	clearMessage();
	// save on localdisk ?
	if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "file") {
		var path = document.location.toString();
		var localPath = getLocalPath(path);
		saveChanges();
	}
	// get original
	var uploadParams = Array(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password);
	var originalPath = document.location.toString();
	// If url is a directory : add index.html
	if (originalPath.charAt(originalPath.length-1) == "/")
		originalPath = originalPath + "index.html";
	var dest = config.macros.upload.destFile(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir);
	var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
	log.startUpload(storeUrl, dest, uploadDir,  backupDir);
	displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.aboutToSaveOnHttpPost.format([dest]));
	if (bidix.debugMode) 
		alert("about to execute Http - GET on "+originalPath);
	var r = doHttp("GET",originalPath,null,null,null,null,callback,uploadParams,null);
	if (typeof r == "string")
		displayMessage(r);
	return r;
};

bidix.upload.uploadRss = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv) 
{
	var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		if(status) {
			var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
			bidix.upload.uploadMain(params[0],params[1],params[2]);
		} else {
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssFailed);			
		}
	};
	// do uploadRss
	if(config.options.chkGenerateAnRssFeed) {
		var rssPath = uploadParams[1].substr(0,uploadParams[1].lastIndexOf(".")) + ".xml";
		var rssUploadParams = Array(uploadParams[0],rssPath,uploadParams[2],'',uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5]);
		bidix.upload.httpUpload(rssUploadParams,convertUnicodeToUTF8(generateRss()),callback,Array(uploadParams,original,posDiv));
	} else {
		bidix.upload.uploadMain(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
	}
};

bidix.upload.uploadMain = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv) 
{
	var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
		if(status) {
			// if backupDir specified
			if ((params[3]) && (responseText.indexOf("backupfile:") > -1))  {
				var backupfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")+11,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")));
				displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.backupSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+backupfile);
			}
			var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
			store.setDirty(false);
			log.endUpload("ok");
		} else {
			alert(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
			log.endUpload("failed");			
		}
	};
	// do uploadMain
	var revised = bidix.upload.updateOriginal(original,posDiv);
	bidix.upload.httpUpload(uploadParams,revised,callback,uploadParams);
};

bidix.upload.httpUpload = function(uploadParams,data,callback,params)
{
	var localCallback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		url = (url.indexOf("nocache=") < 0 ? url : url.substring(0,url.indexOf("nocache=")-1));
		if (xhr.status == httpStatus.NotFound)
			alert(bidix.upload.messages.storePhpNotFound.format([url]));
		if ((bidix.debugMode) || (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )) {
			alert(responseText);
			if (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )
				responseText = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("\n\n")+2);
		} else if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0') 
			alert(responseText);
		if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0')
			status = null;
		callback(status,params,responseText,url,xhr);
	};
	// do httpUpload
	var boundary = "---------------------------"+"AaB03x";	
	var uploadFormName = "UploadPlugin";
	// compose headers data
	var sheader = "";
	sheader += "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-disposition: form-data; name=\"";
	sheader += uploadFormName +"\"\r\n\r\n";
	sheader += "backupDir="+uploadParams[3] +
				";user=" + uploadParams[4] +
				";password=" + uploadParams[5] +
				";uploaddir=" + uploadParams[2];
	if (bidix.debugMode)
		sheader += ";debug=1";
	sheader += ";;\r\n"; 
	sheader += "\r\n" + "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-disposition: form-data; name=\"userfile\"; filename=\""+uploadParams[1]+"\"\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8" + "\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-Length: " + data.length + "\r\n\r\n";
	// compose trailer data
	var strailer = new String();
	strailer = "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
	data = sheader + data + strailer;
	if (bidix.debugMode) alert("about to execute Http - POST on "+uploadParams[0]+"\n with \n"+data.substr(0,500)+ " ... ");
	var r = doHttp("POST",uploadParams[0],data,"multipart/form-data; boundary="+boundary,uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5],localCallback,params,null);
	if (typeof r == "string")
		displayMessage(r);
	return r;
};

// same as Saving's updateOriginal but without convertUnicodeToUTF8 calls
bidix.upload.updateOriginal = function(original, posDiv)
{
	if (!posDiv)
		posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
	if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
		alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
		return;
	}
	var revised = original.substr(0,posDiv[0] + startSaveArea.length) + "\n" +
				store.allTiddlersAsHtml() + "\n" +
				original.substr(posDiv[1]);
	var newSiteTitle = getPageTitle().htmlEncode();
	revised = revised.replaceChunk("<title"+">","</title"+">"," " + newSiteTitle + " ");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-HEAD","MarkupPreHead");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-HEAD","MarkupPostHead");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-BODY","MarkupPreBody");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-SCRIPT","MarkupPostBody");
	return revised;
};

//
// UploadLog
// 
// config.options.chkUploadLog :
//		false : no logging
//		true : logging
// config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine :
//		-1 : no limit
//      0 :  no Log lines but UploadLog is still in place
//		n :  the last n lines are only kept
//		NaN : no limit (-1)

bidix.UploadLog = function() {
	if (!config.options.chkUploadLog) 
		return; // this.tiddler = null
	this.tiddler = store.getTiddler("UploadLog");
	if (!this.tiddler) {
		this.tiddler = new Tiddler();
		this.tiddler.title = "UploadLog";
		this.tiddler.text = "| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |";
		this.tiddler.created = new Date();
		this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
		this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
		store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
	}
	return this;
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.addText = function(text) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	// retrieve maxLine when we need it
	var maxLine = parseInt(config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine,10);
	if (isNaN(maxLine))
		maxLine = -1;
	// add text
	if (maxLine != 0) 
		this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + text;
	// Trunck to maxLine
	if (maxLine >= 0) {
		var textArray = this.tiddler.text.split('\n');
		if (textArray.length > maxLine + 1)
			textArray.splice(1,textArray.length-1-maxLine);
			this.tiddler.text = textArray.join('\n');		
	}
	// update tiddler fields
	this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
	this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
	store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
	// refresh and notifiy for immediate update
	story.refreshTiddler(this.tiddler.title);
	store.notify(this.tiddler.title, true);
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir,  backupDir) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	var now = new Date();
	var text = "\n| ";
	var filename = bidix.basename(document.location.toString());
	if (!filename) filename = '/';
	text += now.formatString("0DD/0MM/YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss") +" | ";
	text += config.options.txtUserName + " | ";
	text += "[["+filename+"|"+location + "]] |";
	text += " [[" + bidix.basename(storeUrl) + "|" + storeUrl + "]] | ";
	text += uploadDir + " | ";
	text += "[[" + bidix.basename(toFilename) + " | " +toFilename + "]] | ";
	text += backupDir + " |";
	this.addText(text);
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function(status) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	this.addText(" "+status+" |");
};

//
// Utilities
// 

bidix.checkPlugin = function(plugin, major, minor, revision) {
	var ext = version.extensions[plugin];
	if (!
		(ext  && 
			((ext.major > major) || 
			((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor > minor))  ||
			((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor == minor) && (ext.revision >= revision))))) {
			// write error in PluginManager
			if (pluginInfo)
				pluginInfo.log.push("Requires " + plugin + " " + major + "." + minor + "." + revision);
			eval(plugin); // generate an error : "Error: ReferenceError: xxxx is not defined"
	}
};

bidix.dirname = function(filePath) {
	if (!filePath) 
		return;
	var lastpos;
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
		return filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
	} else {
		return filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\\"));
	}
};

bidix.basename = function(filePath) {
	if (!filePath) 
		return;
	var lastpos;
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("#")) != -1) 
		filePath = filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
		return filePath.substring(lastpos + 1);
	} else
		return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
};

bidix.initOption = function(name,value) {
	if (!config.options[name])
		config.options[name] = value;
};

//
// Initializations
//

// require PasswordOptionPlugin 1.0.1 or better
bidix.checkPlugin("PasswordOptionPlugin", 1, 0, 1);

// styleSheet
setStylesheet('.txtUploadStoreUrl, .txtUploadBackupDir, .txtUploadDir {width: 22em;}',"uploadPluginStyles");

//optionsDesc
merge(config.optionsDesc,{
	txtUploadStoreUrl: "Url of the UploadService script (default: store.php)",
	txtUploadFilename: "Filename of the uploaded file (default: in index.html)",
	txtUploadDir: "Relative Directory where to store the file (default: . (downloadService directory))",
	txtUploadBackupDir: "Relative Directory where to backup the file. If empty no backup. (default: ''(empty))",
	txtUploadUserName: "Upload Username",
	pasUploadPassword: "Upload Password",
	chkUploadLog: "do Logging in UploadLog (default: true)",
	txtUploadLogMaxLine: "Maximum of lines in UploadLog (default: 10)"
});

// Options Initializations
bidix.initOption('txtUploadStoreUrl','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadFilename','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadBackupDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadUserName','');
bidix.initOption('pasUploadPassword','');
bidix.initOption('chkUploadLog',true);
bidix.initOption('txtUploadLogMaxLine','10');


/* don't want this for tiddlyspot sites

// Backstage
merge(config.tasks,{
	uploadOptions: {text: "upload", tooltip: "Change UploadOptions and Upload", content: '<<uploadOptions>>'}
});
config.backstageTasks.push("uploadOptions");

*/


//}}}


[[MptwViewTemplate]]
The economic success of the equipment market that utilizes the few primitive "spectrum commons" available in the United States - originally intended for low-power devices like garage openers and the spurious emissions of microwave ovens - led toward at first slow, and more recently quite dramatic, change in U.S. wireless policy.

In the past two years alone, what have been called "commons-based" approaches to wireless communications policy have come to be seen as a legitimate, indeed a central, component of the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC's) wireless policy./13

We are beginning to see in this space the most prominent example of a system that was entirely oriented toward regulation aimed at improving the institutional conditions of marketbased production of wireless transport capacity sold as a finished good (connectivity minutes), shifting toward enabling the emergence of a market in shareable goods (smart radios) designed to provision transport on a sharing model.
Three core characteristics: 
# It uses a collaborative authorship tool, Wiki.
# It is a self-conscious effort at creating an encyclopedia
# All the content generated by this collaboration is released under the GNU Free Documentation License, an adaptation of the [[GNU GPL|GNU General Public License]] to texts.
"This combination of an explicit statement of common purpose, transparency, and the ability of participants to identify each other's actions and counteract them - that is, edit out "bad" or "faithless" definitions - seems to have succeeded in keeping this community from devolving into inefficacy or worse."
"Power of the web is that it allows a 'user looking for specific information at a given time to collect answers from a sufficiently large number of contributions.'  The task of sifting and accrediting falls to the user, motivated by the need to find an answer to the question posed.  As long as there are tools to lower the cost of that task to a level acceptable to the user, the Web shall have "produced" the information content the user was looking for.  These are not trivial considerations, but they are also not intractable."
"Three distinct functions" in the "act of communication":
# "An initial utterance of a humanly meaningful statement."
# "The mapping the initial utterances on a knowledge map" as
*relevant
**"Relevance is a subjective question of mapping an utterance on the conceptual map of a given user seeking information for a particular purpose defined by that individual."
*credible
**"Credibility is a question of quality by some objective measure that the individual adopts as appropriate for purposes of evaluating a given utterance."
***"The distinction between the two is somewhat artificial, however, because very often the utility of a piece of information will depend on a combined valuation of its credibility and relevance.  I therefore refer to "relevance/accreditation" as a single function for purposes of this discussion, keeping in mind that the two are complementary and not entirely separable functions that an individual requires as part of being able to use utterances that others have uttered in putting together the user's understanding of the world."

3. "Finally, there is the function of distribution, or how one takes an utterance produced by one person and distributes it to other people who find it credible and relevant."


"In the mass-media world, these functions were often, though by no means always, integrated.  NBC news produced the utterances, gave them credibility by clearing them on the evening news, and distributed them simultaneously.  What the Internet is permitting is much greater disaggregation of these functions." 
"[[Commons]]-based peer production" is "a new modality of organizing production", made possible by the "networked environment" that is "radically [[decentralized|Centralization]], [[collaborative|Wikipedia]], and nonproprietary; based on sharing resources and outputs among widely distributed, loosely connected individuals who cooperate with each other without relying on either [[market signals or managerial commands|MarketorFirm]]."

Leading example: [[free/open-source software|FREE/OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE]]
"asserting --his-- [your] own copyright claims, but only to force all downstream users who wanted to rely on --his-- [your] contributions to make their own contributions available to everyone else" 

"Various traditional pasture arrangements in Swiss villages or irrigation regions in Spain are now classic examples, described by Eleanor Ostrom, of limited-access common resources - where access is limited only to members of the village or association that collectively "owns" some defined pasturelands or irrigation system.^^2^^"

"As Carol Rose noted, these are better thought of as limited common property regimes, rather than commons, because they behave as property vis-à-vis the entire world except members of the group who together hold them in common."


2. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
"The point to understand about ~MMOGs is that they produce a discrete element of "content" that was in the past dominated by centralized professional production."  

"Second Life began almost entirely devoid of content.  It was tools all the way down.  Within months, Second Life had become an immersive experience, like a movie or book, but one where the commercial provider offered a platform and tools, while the users wrote the story lines, rendered the 'set,' and performed the entire play."
"The projects appear to be eclectic in their implicit social and psychological theories of the motivations for participation in the projects.

Sites describe the scientific purpose of the models and the specific scientific output, including posting articles that have used the calculations.

In these components, the project organizers seem to assume some degree of taste for generalized altruism and the pursuit of meaning in contributing to a common goal.

They also implement a variety of mechanisms to reinforce the sense of purpose, such as providing aggregate statistics about the total computations performed by the project as a whole.

However, the sites also seem to assume a healthy dose of what is known in the anthropology of gift literature as #15agonistic giving - that is, giving intended to show that the person giving is greater than or more important than others, who gave less.

For example, most of the sites allow individuals to track their own contributions, and provide "user of the month"-type rankings.

An interesting characteristic of quite a few of these is the ability to create "teams" of users, who in turn compete on who has provided more cycles or work units.

SETI@home in particular taps into ready-made nationalisms, by offering country-level statistics.

Some of the team names on Folding@home also suggest other, out-of-project bonding measures, such as national or ethnic bonds (for example, Overclockers Australia or Alliance Francophone), technical minority status (for example, Linux or MacAddict4Life), and organizational affiliation (University of Tennessee or University of Alabama), as well as shared cultural reference points (Knights who say Ni!).

In addition, the sites offer platforms for simple connectedness and mutual companionship, by offering user fora to discuss the science and the social participation involved.

It is possible that these sites are shooting in the dark, as far as motivating sharing is concerned.

It also possible, however, that they have tapped into a valuable insight, which is that people behave sociably and generously for all sorts of different reasons, and that at least in this domain, adding reasons to participate - some agonistic, some altruistic, some reciprocity-seeking - does not have a crowding-out effect."
"The oceans, the air, and highway systems are clear examples of open commons."
What is truly unique about peer-to-peer networks as a signal of what is to come is the fact that with ridiculously low financial investment, a few teenagers and twenty-something-year-olds were able to write software and protocols that allowed tens of millions of computer users around the world to cooperate in producing the most efficient and robust file storage and retrieval system in the world.

These systems are not "subsidized," in the sense that they do not pay the full marginal cost of their service. ''[or is that these systems are not subsidized, that is promoted by monetary incentives, because the marginal value of their service is zero]''

Remember, music, like all information, is a nonrival public good whose marginal cost, once produced, is zero.

Moreover, digital files are not "taken" from one place in order to be played in the other.

They are replicated wherever they are wanted, and thereby made more ubiquitous, not scarce.

The only actual social cost involved at the time of the transmission is the storage capacity, communications capacity, and processing capacity necessary to store, catalog, search, retrieve, and transfer the information necessary to replicate the files from where copies reside to where more copies are desired.

As with any nonrival good, if Jane is willing to spend the actual social costs involved in replicating the music file that already exists and that Jack possesses, then it is efficient that she do so without paying the creator a dime. ''[what is meant here by efficient?]''

However, it is efficient within the normal meaning of the term in economics in a way that it would not have been had Jane and Jack used subsidized computers or network connections. ''[?]''
"Practically all well-studied, limited common property regimes are regulated by more or less elaborate rules - some formal, some social-conventional - governing the use of the resources."

"Air is a regulated commons with regard to outtake.  For individual human beings, breathing out is mildly regulated by social convention - you do not breath too heavily on another human being's face unless forced to.  Air is a more extensively regulated commons for industrial exhalation - in the shape of pollution controls."

"The most successful and obvious regulated commons in contemporary landscapes are the sidewalks, streets, roads, and highways that cover our land and regulate the material foundation of our ability to move from one place to the other."
"Some commons, called open access, are governed by no rule. Anyone can use resources within these types of commons at will and without payment. Air is such a resource, with respect to air intake (breathing, feeding a turbine)."